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IMPORTANT NOTES (All Subjects)

Perfect for exam revision!

📘 PHYSICS – Important Notes

1. Units & Dimensions

  • Velocity → m/s

  • Acceleration → m/s²

  • Force → Newton (kg·m/s²)

  • Energy → Joule (N·m)

  • Power → Watt (J/s)

2. Kinematics

  • v = u + at

  • s = ut + ½at²

  • v² = u² + 2as

3. Work, Energy, Power

  • Work = F × s

  • KE = ½mv²

  • PE = mgh

  • Power = Work/Time

4. Gravitation

  • F = G(m₁m₂ / r²)

  • g = 9.8 m/s²

5. Current Electricity

  • V = IR

  • P = VI

  • Series → R = R₁ + R₂

  • Parallel → 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂

6. Optics

  • Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u

  • Magnification m = v/u

📗 CHEMISTRY – Important Notes

1. Atomic Structure

  • Electrons → Negative

  • Protons → Positive

  • Neutrons → Neutral

  • Atomic number = No. of protons

2. Chemical Bonding

  • Ionic bond → Transfer of electrons

  • Covalent bond → Sharing of electrons

  • Hydrogen bond → Weak attraction

3. Periodic Table Trends

  • Across a period → Size decreases

  • Down a group → Size increases

  • Electro-negativity → Increases across

4. Mole Concept

  • 1 mole = 6.022×10²³

  • Mol = Mass / Molar mass

5. Acids & Bases

  • pH < 7 → Acid

  • pH > 7 → Base

  • pH = 7 → Neutral

6. Organic Chemistry

  • Alkane: CnH2n+2

  • Alkene: CnH2n

  • Alkyne: CnH2n-2

📘 BIOLOGY – Important Notes

1. Cell Biology

  • Cell → Structural & functional unit

  • Mitochondria → Powerhouse

  • Ribosome → Protein factory

  • Nucleus → Control center

2. Plant Physiology

  • Photosynthesis → CO₂ + H₂O → Glucose + O₂

  • Transpiration → Water loss via stomata

3. Human Physiology

  • Blood: RBC, WBC, Platelets

  • Heart → 4 chambers

  • Digestion → Starts in mouth, ends in small intestine

4. Genetics

  • DNA → Genetic material

  • Gene → Unit of heredity

  • Mendel’s Laws → Dominance, Segregation, Independent assortment

5. Ecology

  • Food chain → Producer → Consumer → Decomposer

  • Ecosystem → Biotic + Abiotic

📐 MATHS – Important Notes

1. Trigonometry

  • sin²θ + cos²θ = 1

  • tanθ = sinθ / cosθ

  • 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ

2. Coordinate Geometry

  • Distance: √[(x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²]

  • Slope: (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁)

  • Midpoint: ((x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2)

3. Calculus (Basic)

  • d/dx (xⁿ) = nxⁿ⁻¹

  • ∫ xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹ /(n+1)

4. Algebra

  • (a+b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

  • (a−b)² = a² + b² − 2ab

  • a² − b² = (a+b)(a−b)

⭐ High-Scoring Tips (11th & 12th Science)

  • NCERT / State Board Textbook = Most important

  • Every chapter → Read solved examples

  • Practice numericals daily (Physics + Maths)

  • Make your own short notes

  • Revise diagrams (Biology + Chemistry)

  • Practice previous year question papers